This application report helps TI mmWave Radar sensor designers navigate the series of tasks and key concerns when designing, manufacturing and validating a new mmWave sensor board. This document is only concerned with the RF portions of the design. It is beneficial for PCB designers that do not have experience with RF PCB design at mmWave frequencies. This document is applicable to sensor designs using IWR/ AWR mmWave Radar chips.

HSR/PRP is Ethernet based communication technology commonly deployed in smart grid substation for low cost, easy to maintain and interoperable common network infrastructure with built-in redundancy. This application report presents the overview of HSR/PRP technology followed by HSR/PRP solutions on Sitara devices. TI’s PRU-ICSS technology with features like real-time and determinism allows Sitara devices to offer HSR/PRP solution. HSR/PRP solution is available as part of Processor SDK for Linux and RTOS.

This document points to various collateral and resources available for customers to quick ramp on HSR/PRP solution on Sitara devices including PRU-ICSS technology.

The LED171596A is an LED matrix driver that can individually control up to 96 LEDs. To control the 96 LEDs it uses four high-side PMOS switches and 24 low-side programmable current sinks. The driver has 9-bit duty cycle and 8-bit current control of each low side LED current sink. They can be individually controlled through the I2C-compatible or SPI interface. The individual LED brightness is internally multiplied with a global brightness-register value. This allows the control of all the LEDs at once with a single register or PWM input signal. This global brightness also passes through a brightness sloper function to create optically smooth brightness transitions without the need for multiple register writes.

The interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for variable speed applications became popular with the sensorless Field Oriented Control (FOC) technique in industrial and automotive systems because of high power density, high efficiency and fast dynamic performance. This application report describes how to implement a flux-weakening logic and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) logic in an InstaSPIN-FOC™ sensorless FOC solution based on the MotorWare™ software platform.

This FAQ describes the ADC-based correlation techniques for time-of-flight measurements used in ultrasonic-sensing technology for flow metering. This document describes the design and engineering trade-offs when designing using the MSP430FR604x microcontrollers (MCUs), software based on the Ultrasonic Design Center, and key performance metrics.

CAN interface has been a very popular serial communication standard in the industry due to its excellent prioritization and arbitration capabilities. In systems with different voltage domains, isolation is typically used to protect the low voltage side from the high voltage side in case of any faults. Isolation also breaks any ground loops allowing only the desired signals to be transmitted, thereby improving signal quality.

Isolated CAN is used for communication with the microcontroller in a wide range of applications such as solar inverters, circuit breakers, motor drives, PLC communication modules, telecom rectifiers, elevators, HVACs and EV charging infrastructures.

To ensure reliability during events like power switching, hot plugs, lightning, and various other fault situations, systems must account for surge protection; however, most common surge-protection TVS diodes have significant variation over temperatures that is rarely accounted for. This variation can lead to failures in released products that were not seen in lab testing; to minimize these failures, TVS diode performance must be understood and accounted for. This report examines the temperature variation in conventional SMA and SMB type TVS diodes and compares them to the TI Flat-Clamp surge protection, and then shows laboratory testing in a real-world system that highlights the improved high-temperature performance of the TI Flat-Clamp devices.

The RF sampling architecture is the main communication architecture in the telecom industry due to its improved system flexibility, higher signal bandwidth, higher density, and lower cost. This document will briefly introduce the architecture of the RF sampling receiver and the block diagram of the RF analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The goal of this document is to identify spurs generated after the RF sampling, like the harmonic spur and interleaving spur. In addition, the effect of the spurs due to the numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) and decimation are discussed in this document.

This application report describes how to build a digital heart-rate monitor using a MSP430FG439 microcontroller (MCU). The heartbeat rate per minute is displayed on an LCD. In addition, the application outputs a digital data stream through an RS232 serial port to allow display of the EKG waveform on a PC. The entire application runs using a CR2032 3-V lithium battery.

This application note introduces features and performance of TI’s first Network Synchronizer Clock device, LMK05028. The application note highlights the device's unique 3-loop architecture, Hitless Switching with Phase Cancellation, 1 PPS Phase Lock, Zero Delay Mode, and Robust Reference Detector, and discusses their value adds in several applications, including wired communications (Switches, Routers and Optical Transport Networks), wireless communication (Base Band Unit), and industrial applications, such as smart grids, medical imaging, and broadcast video. In these applications, the LMK05028 operates as a high-performance clock generator and jitter cleaner with Programmable Loop Bandwidth, while also offering network synchronization with support for Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) and IEEE 1588.

Galvanically isolated interfaces are a common requirement within industrial devices for safety reasons. In this type of application, a digital isolator is used to galvanically isolate an MCU from a communication transceiver or an ADC.

Digital isolators work at two power domains, using an isolated DC power supply in one domain. The low DC voltage for isolated power domain could be achieved with a small and simple push-pull converter. The push-pull converter is a transformer-isolated topology using two transistors switching in complementary mode.

This application note will present a low cost and low power DC/DC push-pull converter based on the Silego GreenPAK SLG46108 device. The following sections will show how to:

• Generate a complementary PWM with dead time using the programmable delay block.
• Generate a start-up sequence using a pipe-delay block.
• Obtain multiple clock frequencies via an internal oscillator.

This application note describes how to design a high reliability rotary switch or encoder using a Dialog GreenPAK. This switch design is contactless, and therefore ignores contact oxidation and wear. It is ideal for use outdoors where there is long term moisture, dust, temperature extremes, etc.

Dialog GreenPAK SLG46537: The GreenPAK CMIC provides all the circuit functions for this design. It generates a signal (EVAL) for improved signal to noise, receives inputs from each sector pad of the rotary switch, and interprets each sector pad using the Asynchronous State Machine(ASM) to guarantee only one switch selection.

This design uses a single Dialog GreenPAK SLG46110 to realize a low-side sensing over current detection circuit with a latching output used to enable/disable an external high-side PMOS load switch. By configuring one of the onboard comparators (ACMP1) to perform as a Non-Inverting Amplifier with a gain of 22.5, we can use a very small 0.010 ohm low-side sense resistor to, in this case, detect a 4A maximum current.

The TPS54331 is a non-synchronous buck converter that integrates a low RDS(on) high side MOSFET and is designed to provide up to a 3A output from an input voltage source of 3.5 V to 28 V. This application note explains the procedure of converting a simple buck converter into a CC/CV charger with low component count for charging a SMF Lead Acid Battery. This concept can be extended to multiple parts in the same family.

This application report offers a ready-made solution for GPS tracking with CC13xx devices, and includes a Python script that will plot data points onto Google Maps. This application can be used for various device tracking or range testing and evaluation.

Digital Input receivers are used in AC and servo motor control to interface various 24-V signals to the control module of the drive. These signals include inputs from field sensors and switches, position and speed feedback encoded as 24-V signals, clock or PWM inputs for speed control, and emergency stop signals, such as Safe Torque Off (STO). Isolation is used to manage ground potential differences.

This application note includes an object versus range table to list the detection range capabilities of TI’s mmWave radar sensors. The method used for data collection is reported and the data for the maximum range recording for each objects is provided. Intuitions that can be gained from the table regarding radar cross section and maximum range detection are included.

The Thunderbolt Alternate Mode allows the two sides of a USB Type-C PD connection to discover, negotiate, and enter the Intel Thunderbolt 3 mode allowing transfer of high-speed data. The mode is negotiated using USB Power Delivery messaging, as listed in the USB PD specification. This application report explains the standard implementation of the Thunderbolt Alternate Mode and how it can be used with the Texas Instruments TPS6598x family of USB Type-C and USB PD controllers and associated software tools.

This application note discusses the importance of clocking in Ultrasound and also illustrates how some key TI devices achieve very low end to end jitter and phase noise. The application note also demonstrates how various stages have very low additive jitter.