Incremental rotary encoders transduce rotational movement into electrical signals. Unlike absolute encoders that measure angle, incremental encoders generate high/low pulses as turning occurs.

Applications include computer mouse wheels, fluid flow meters, knobs, wheel speed sensors, stepper motor feedback for detecting missed steps, and brushed DC motor sensors for automotive windows, sunroofs, seats, and mirrors.

Medical and industrial ultrasound systems use focal imaging techniques to achieve imaging performance far beyond a single-channel approach. Ultrasound images are created by sending high voltage pulses into human tissue. The sound generated by these pulses echoes off of the tissues at varying amplitudes depending on factors such as depth within the body and type of tissue. Ultrasound technology is manufactured to measure the voltage magnitude of these echoes as they are collected at the receiver. These voltages are ultimately recorded and displayed in an image that tells what kinds of surfaces the pulses are passing through.

This application note discusses the importance of clocking in Ultrasound and also illustrates how some key TI devices achieve very low end to end jitter and phase noise. The application note also demonstrates how various stages have very low additive jitter.

The LED171596A is an LED matrix driver that can individually control up to 96 LEDs. To control the 96 LEDs it uses four high-side PMOS switches and 24 low-side programmable current sinks. The driver has 9-bit duty cycle and 8-bit current control of each low side LED current sink. They can be individually controlled through the I2C-compatible or SPI interface. The individual LED brightness is internally multiplied with a global brightness-register value. This allows the control of all the LEDs at once with a single register or PWM input signal. This global brightness also passes through a brightness sloper function to create optically smooth brightness transitions without the need for multiple register writes.

This application report helps TI mmWave Radar sensor designers navigate the series of tasks and key concerns when designing, manufacturing and validating a new mmWave sensor board. This document is only concerned with the RF portions of the design. It is beneficial for PCB designers that do not have experience with RF PCB design at mmWave frequencies. This document is applicable to sensor designs using IWR/ AWR mmWave Radar chips.

Large-screen HDTVs are selling in huge volumes over last few years, primarily driven by amazing improvements in picture quality & form factor (thinner screens). The form factor constraints from having skinny screens result in tiny built-in speakers that are undersized, under-powered and are typically aimed at wrong direction. Hence sound bars have exploded in popularity as complementary audio system by providing a sound experience that more closely matches the TV’s life-like pictures. In addition, with release of HDMI 2.1 specification we finally have a no compromise audio solution for HDMI as part of the eARC [enhanced Audio Return Channel]. One of the most important functions the eARC enables is sending audio signal both “upstream” and “downstream” over a single connection. As a result, with eARC the full resolution sound signals can be passed back and forth between your TV and audio systems with ease and without compromising sound quality.

With vehicle electrification increasing and as fully electric vehicles become more mainstream, the number of electric motors and digital power control systems in automobiles are expanding. Many of these systems require high-speed current monitoring circuits to ensure proper operation and to protect against potentially damaging overcurrent conditions. One of the most effective ways to accomplish this function is to employ a low side current shunt monitoring circuit.

A myriad of audio input sources including CD/DVD radio aux input streaming music Bluetooth® audio navigation alerts and other notifications routed to multiple output pl

The requirements for operational amplifiers and other ICs used in motor control systems have increased because of the need to extract higher performance from a motor while maintaining low system cost. Measuring motor current is an easy and inexpensive way to understand the torque and direction of the motor, so current sensing forms the backbone of many common motor control schemes for the three common DC motor types: stepper, brushed DC and brushless DC (BLDC).

This application report discusses the Memory Power-On Self-Test (M-POST) feature available in select series of C2000 real-time controllers. The M-POST architecture enables parallel testing of multiple memories to reduce test time and is used for power-on testing of the memories on-chip.

C2000 devices are powerful 32-bit floating-point microcontroller units (MCU) designed for advanced closed-loop control applications such as motor control and power conversion control in industrial drives and automation, industrial power, solar, and electrical vehicle applications. In addition to the strong control performance offered by the MCU, it supports a host of functional safety features to support customers to design and certify their functionally safe systems. Memory Power-On Self-Test (M-POST) is an important enabler to test the device SRAMs and ROMs during device start-up. Based on customer one-time programmable (OTP) configurations, the test is executed automatically with the help of on-chip hardware during boot-up. When the test is executed, multiple memories are tested in parallel to reduce the impact on boot-time.

The IEEE Standard 1149.1-1990, IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture (JTAG) is a method for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after assembly. It is used as the primary means for transferring data to a nonvolatile memory of an embedded system and debugging embedded software.

This application report describes the physical connections for JTAG and design considerations to be taken into account for a custom board. It also shows how to use the JTAG interface on the SimpleLink™ MSP432E4 LaunchPad™ development kit for debugging the onboard microcontroller using an external debugger, or by using the onboard debugger for debugging an off-board microcontroller.

In the past several years, multiple digital and wireless ultrasound probes have been introduced to physicians as vision-enhanced stethoscopes, which may someday replace the traditional 150-year-old stethoscope. GE’s Vscan, Siemens’ Freestyle, SonoSite's iViz and Philips’ Lumilify are among the first wave of ultra-portable probes for physicians and rural villages. Ultrasound imaging may be the only modern imaging modality choice for rural areas because of its cost-effectiveness and portability. It is exciting to TIers to innovate and deliver solutions to serve people who may have never been served by modern medicine.

Further reducing power requirements and increasing image quality demands high channel count and low power ICs. The AFE5832LP and AFE5832 devices are designed to address these needs. The AFE5832 is industry’s first 32-CH analog front-end (AFE) solution, and the AFE5832LP is its lower power version. Both devices are pin-to-pin compatible. The AFE5832LP achieves power consumption of < 20 mW/CH, which is approximately 6× lower than the power consumption of the AFE5818 and AFE5808 devices in traditional console systems.