USB-C now offers different connector variants ranging from USB 2.0 in Type-C housing to Type-C for a 10 GBit data rate. The housing variants have also become more diverse. From the horizontal hybrid type to vertical variants and the mid-mount type, which is placed in a PCB cutout. All these types have their special characteristics, which in many cases may already have to be taken into account in the layout to ensure problem-free manufacturing is possible afterwards. We would like to shed light on these points and identify ways of dealing with the challenges. The PCB itself and its manufacture cannot be left out of the equation either, as it has certain limitations that should be taken into account in order to achieve the best possible result. Once all this has been done, it is a matter of controlling the manufacturing process in its various steps from stencil printing to the soldering oven and optimizing the parameters, so that the slender type-C connectors can also be processed in a way suitable for series production.

During the automatic pick and place process, the influence of mechanical stress on the surface must be minimized as much as possible. LEDs with a silicone resin provide many advantages. Compared to other reflector areas of Surface Mount LEDs, silicone is generally softer. Due to this fact, the handling area of the nozzle should only contact the Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLLC) surface directly and is not allowed to touch the silicone encapsulation of the component.

Certified radio modules enabling the radio data transmission in numerous radio frequency bands and radio standards. The radio modules are designed in a way that the mode of operation can be configured via external host micro controller to meet best the requirements of the underlying application. Nevertheless, there are still cases where an adoption or complete change of the firmware is necessary to enable standalone operation, provide new interfaces or simply to optimize the behaviour of the underlying application. Due to the change in firmware the radio certification of the adopted radio module must be verified again. This application note describes in which cases the certification of an adapted radio module can be created on base of the certification of the Würth Elektronik eiSos standard product.

The ubiquity of wireless communications is driving the need for general-purpose RF amplifiers that are applicable to many categories, from 5G systems to radio and antenna applications.

When designing an RF amplifier, the first step is to define some important parameters such as target frequency and gain factor. By selecting the optimal passive components, the transmission characteristics of the amplifier may be enhanced and improved. A well-designed layout that can transmit RF signals and the DC current to power the amplifier stage on a single line without interference or cross-talk further improves RF performance.

A key component for this interference-free operation of the transmission of mixed signals (RF and DC) is the inductor for decoupling the RF and DC supplies. In addition to the usual approach of using a standard inductor, another suitable alternative is to use a multilayer ferrite. To compare and evaluate the ferrite and inductor in this application, an evaluation board of an RF amplifier was realized and measured. This application note also includes circuit design considerations and various recommendations for achieving optimal parameters using two RF amplifier examples.

 Contents:

• Component selection with REDEXPERT
• RF gain block amplifier types in comparison
• Inductors for blocking the RF signal
• DC blocking capacitor selection
• PCB layout considerations
• Measurement setup and results

The Proteus-e is a radio module based on the nRF52 Nordic Semiconductors SoC, which provides various Bluetooth LE and has its focus on low power features. This Application Note shows how easy the "transparent mode" can be used to quickly connect the Proteus-e in order to communicate with a Bluetooth LE connection partner (e.g. a smart device). As second step with more advanced functions, and therefore recommended to be used in applications, the reader is introduced to the Command Mode that is also available to be used on the Proteus-e.

SKEDD is a technology developed by Würth Elektronik with which connectors can be connected to the circuit board directly without soldering. This type of contact offers considerable advantages over soldered connectors.
The REDFIT IDC (insulation displacement connector) is the first series of connectors from Würth Elektronik which comes with SKEDD technology. In the meantime, renowned companies worldwide trust the advantages of SKEDD technology. In this Product Guide you will learn about the advantages of SKEDD and suitable applications for using SKEDD.

This application note describes an adapter board, that is used to place a 2.4 GHz Thyone-I radio module on the footprint of a Tarvos-III/Telesto-III/Thebe-II/Themisto-I radio module.

Furthermore, the steps for hardware and firmware integration to replace an existing Tarvos-III/Telesto-III/Thebe-II/Themisto-I radio module by a Thyone-I radio module are described.

Developers of switching regulators and switch mode power supplies attach great importance to the efficiency of their circuits. However, at the end of their development phase, they encounter unpleasant effects such as unwanted oscillations at the input of the switching regulator and these although the switching regulator produces a constant output voltage under all conditions. But why does the input of the switching regulator tend to oscillation under certain circumstances?

The advanced developer guide covers details on the Proteus Product family that are required to implement a module counterpart in form of an App for smart devices. It covers the documentation on the SPP-like profile available on Proteus and the used protocols and data coding for arbitrary user payload. 
Also all information required to make a Custom Firmware on the Proteus module hardware platform are provided within.