Isolation is a means of preventing DC and uncontrolled AC currents between two parts of a system, while allowing signal and power transfer between those two parts. Electronic devices and integrated circuits (ICs) used for isolation are called isolators. Isolation is required in modern electrical systems for a variety of reasons. Some examples include protecting human operators and preventing damage to expensive processors in highvoltage systems, breaking the ground loop in communication networks, and communicating to high-side devices in motor-drive or power-converter systems (Figure 1). Examples of applications that need isolation include industrial automation systems, motor drives, medical equipment, solar inverters, power supplies, and electric vehicles (EVs).

Recent advances in isolation technology are enabling new solutions, reducing system cost, and allowing customers to push the performance envelope of their equipment. This article discusses key end applications that are driving cutting-edge innovations in isolation technology and benefitting from these innovations.

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The TPS25810 is a USB Type-C downstream facing port (DFP) controller that monitors the USB Type-C configuration channel (CC) lines to determine when a USB device is attached. When the upstream facing port (UFP) device Type C-to-B dongle is plugged in, the port supports connection of Type-B receptacle devices such as a mouse, smartphones, keyboards, external hard drives, and so forth. As these devices monitor the USB 2 data line (D+/D–), the TPS2544 USB charging port controller can be added to provide the electrical signatures on D+/D– to support BC1.2 and non-BC1.2 compliant charging schemes. This application note presents the design solution which offers fast charging of popular mobile phones, tablets, and media devices over the USB Type-C port.